D3 Receptor
Dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) is a member of the D2-like dopamine receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor that is highly enriched in limbic brain regions involved in cognition, motivation, emotion, and reward processing[1][2]. Mechanistically, DRD3 primarily couples to inhibitory G proteins and suppresses adenylyl cyclase activity, thereby regulating intracellular cAMP-dependent signaling pathways that influence neuronal responsiveness and dopaminergic neurotransmission[1][3][4]. Through this signaling framework, DRD3 contributes to neural circuit functions associated with neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, and extensive research has examined its role in addiction, schizophrenia, and other dopamine-related disease models[5][6]. Compared with related D2-like receptor isoforms, DRD3 exhibits a distinct anatomical distribution and pharmacological profile, making it an attractive target for subtype-selective investigations aimed at separating therapeutic effects from broader dopamine receptor activity[2][5]. Experimental studies further indicate that DRD3 can participate in receptor-receptor interactions, including functional heteromerization with D2 receptors, which may alter downstream signaling properties and receptor pharmacology[7]. For research applications, selective DRD3 agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists have been developed as molecular probes to investigate receptor-specific mechanisms and to evaluate potential therapeutic strategies in preclinical models of neuropsychiatric disease and substance use disorders[5][8].
References:
- [1]. Sokoloff P, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. Nature. 1990 Sep 13;347(6289):146-51. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Kiss B, et al. Neuronal Dopamine D3 Receptors: Translational Implications for Preclinical Research and CNS Disorders. Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 14;11(1):104. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Robinson SW, et al. Selective inhibition of adenylyl cyclase type V by the dopamine D3 receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Sep;52(3):508-14. [Content Brief]
- [4]. D 3 Receptor gene information from NCBI.
- [5]. Luedtkea RR, et al. Progress in developing D3 dopamine receptor ligands as potential therapeutic agents for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Pharm Des. 2003;9(8):643-71. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Martel JC, et al. Dopamine Receptor Subtypes, Physiology and Pharmacology: New Ligands and Concepts in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 14;11:1003. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Scarselli M, et al. D2/D3 dopamine receptor heterodimers exhibit unique functional properties[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001, 276(32): 30308-30314.
- [8]. Newman AH, et al. Dopamine D3 receptor partial agonists and antagonists as potential drug abuse therapeutic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Jun 2;48(11):3663-79. [Content Brief]
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D3 Receptor Related Products (167)
Related Products (167)
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NGB 2904
0 ImagesNGB 2904 is a potent, selective, orally active and brain-penetrated antagonist of dopamine D3 receptor, with a Ki of 1.4 nM. NGB 2904 shows selectivity for D3 over D2, 5-HT2, α1, D4, D1 and D5 receptors (Kis=217, 223, 642, >5000, >10000 and >10000 nM, respectively). NGB 2904 antagonizes Quinpirole-stimulated mitogenesis.
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PG01037 dihydrochloride
0 ImagesPG01037 (dihydrochloride) is a potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.7 nM.
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UNC9994
0 ImagesUNC9994, an analog of Aripiprazole, is a functionally selective β-arrestin-biased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist with EC50 <10 nM for β-arrestin-2 recruitment to D2 receptors. UNC9994 is simultaneously partial agonists of β-arrestin-2 translocation and antagonists of Gi-regulated cAMP production. Antipsychotic Activity.
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Ropinirole
0 ImagesSynonyms: SKF 101468Ropinirole (SKF 101468) is an orally active, potent D3/D2 receptor agonist with a Ki of 29 nM for D2 receptor. Ropinirole has pEC50s of 7.4, 8.4 and 6.8 for hD2, hD3 and hD4 receptors, respectively. Ropinirole has no affinity for the D1 receptors. Ropinirole has the potential for Parkinson's disease.
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Cariprazine-d8
0 ImagesSynonyms: RGH-188 d8Cariprazine-d8 is a deuterium labeled Cariprazine. Cariprazine is a novel antipsychotic agent candidate that exhibits high affinity for the D3 (Ki=0.085 nM) and D2 (Ki=0.49 nM) receptors, and moderate affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor (Ki=2.6 nM).
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Brilaroxazine
0 ImagesSynonyms: RP5063Brilaroxazine (RP5603) is a potent and orally active multimodal dopamine (DA)/serotonin (5-HT) modulator. Brilaroxazine is a partial agonist of dopamine (DA) D2, D3, and D4 receptors, 5-HT1A (Ki=1.5 nM) and 5-HT2A (Ki=2.5 nM), and has antagonist activity at 5-HT2B (Ki=0.19 nM), and 5-HT7 (Ki=2.7 nM) receptors. Brilaroxazine is an atypical antipsychotic agent, and has the potential to improve cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases in vivo.
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Amisulpride-d5
0 ImagesSynonyms: (Rac)-Aramisulpride-d5; (Rac)-Esamisulpride-d5; DAN 2163-d5Amisulpride-d5 is the deuterium labeled Amisulpride. Amisulpride is a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist with Kis of 2.8 and 3.2 nM for human dopamine D2 and D3, respectively.
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Didesmethyl cariprazine
0 ImagesDidesmethyl cariprazine is an orally active, BBB-permeable metabolite of Cariprazine (HY-14763). Didesmethyl cariprazine is a partial agonist at the D2 and D3 receptors, full agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor, and antagonist at the human 5-HT2B receptor (Ki: 1.41 nM (human D2L), 0.056 nM (human D3), 1.7 nM (human 5-HT1A), 0.52 nM (human 5-HT2B)). Didesmethyl cariprazine dose-dependently inhibits the spontaneous activity of rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
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Olanzapine-d3
0 ImagesSynonyms: LY170053-d3Olanzapine-d3 (LY170053-d3) is the deuterium labeled Olanzapine. Olanzapine is a selective, orally active monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity binding to serotonin H1, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6 (Ki=7, 4, 11, 57, and 5 nM, respectively), dopamine D1-4 (Ki=11 to 31 nM), muscarinic M1-5 (Ki=1.9-25 nM), and adrenergic α1 receptors (Ki=19 nM). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic.
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PD 168568 dihydrochloride
0 ImagesPD 168568 dihydrochloride is a orally active and potent dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) antagonist. PD 168568 dihydrochloride contains an isoindolinone and is selective for the D4 receptor versus D2 and D3, with Ki values of 8.8, 1842, and 2682 nM, respectively. PD 168568 dihydrochloride can be used for glioblastoma (GBM) research.
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L 741742
0 ImagesL 741742 is a highly selective and brain-penetrant D4 dopamine receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 3.5 nM, 770 nM and >1700 nM for human D4, D3 and D2 receptors, respectively. L 741742 suppresses PDGFRβ, ERK1/2, and mTOR signaling pathways, and impairs autophagic flux while disrupting lysosomal function.L 741742 induces G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, promotes neuronal differentiation of normal human neural stem cells, selectively inhibits growth and clonogenic potential of glioblastoma neural stem cells and primary glioblastoma tumor cells, exerts synergistic effects with Temozolomide (TMZ) (HY-17364) against glioblastoma neural stem cells in vitro, and inhibits glioblastoma neural stem cell xenograft growth in immunocompromised mice. L 741742 can be used for the research of schizophrenia and glioblastoma.
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Hordenine hydrochloride
0 ImagesSynonyms: Ordenina hydrochloride; Peyocactine hydrochlorideHordenine hydrochloride (Ordenina hydrochloride; Peyocactine hydrochloride) is a multifunctional alkaloid with oral activity and blood-brain barrier penetration. Hordenine hydrochloride inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, p65, IκB, and AKT, prevents p65 nuclear translocation, and suppresses inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Hordenine hydrochloride promotes M2 macrophage polarization, restores blood-milk barrier integrity, alleviates oxidative stress by reducing ROS and MDA, and attenuates LPS-induced lung injury and pulmonary edema. Hordenine hydrochloride inhibits cAMP production, CREB phosphorylation, and MITF expression, thereby suppressing melanin synthesis in melanocytes and reconstructed epidermis. Hordenine hydrochloride activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes dermal papilla cell proliferation and hair shaft elongation, and accelerates hair regeneration. Hordenine hydrochloride activates DRD2, acts as a D3R partial agonist, α2A-AR full agonist, and 5-HT2A-R antagonist, and inhibits SERT and DAT. Hordenine hydrochloride inhibits α-synuclein accumulation and ameliorates motor deficits in Parkinson's disease models. Hordenine hydrochloride limits alcohol intake, reduces relapse drinking behavior, and modulates alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Hordenine hydrochloride can be used for research on mastitis, skin pigmentation, acute lung injury, foodborne diseases, hair loss, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections, and alcohol use disorder.
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Aramisulpride
0 ImagesSynonyms: (R)-Amisulpride; (R)-Esamisulpride; (R)-DAN 2163Aramisulpride (R-(+)-Amisulpride) is the R-isomer of Amisulpride (HY-14545). Aramisulpride is a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 22 nM. Aramisulpride is a D2/D3 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 140 nM for D2R and a Ki value of 13.9 nM for D3R. Aramisulpride can be used in psychiatric research.
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Thioridazine-d3 hydrochloride
0 ImagesThioridazine-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Thioridazine. Thioridazine, an antagonist of the dopamine receptor D2 family proteins, exhibits potent anti-psychotic and anti-anxiety activities. Thioridazine is also a potent inhibitor of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways with anti-angiogenic effect. Thioridazine shows antiproliferative and apoptosis induction effects in various types of cancer cells, with specificity on targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs).
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Aripiprazole monohydrate
0 ImagesSynonyms: OPC-14597 monohydrateAripiprazole (OPC-14597) monohydrate, an atypical antipsychotic, is a potent and high-affinity dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist. Aripiprazole monohydrate is an inverse agonist at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2A receptors and displays partial agonist actions at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, D3, and D4 receptors. Aripiprazole monohydrate can be used for the research of schizophrenia and COVID19.
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Adoprazine
0 ImagesSynonyms: SLV313Adoprazine (SLV313) is a full 5-HT1A receptor agonist with a pEC50 of 9 at cloned h5-HT1A receptors. Adoprazine (SLV313) is a full D2 and D3 receptor antagonist with pA2s of 9.3 and 8.9 at hD2 and hD3 receptors, respectively. Adoprazine (SLV313) has the characteristics of atypical antipsychotics.
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(-)-GSK598809 hydrochloride
0 ImagesSynonyms: (1S,5R)-GSK598809 hydrochloride(-)-GSK598809 is an isomer of GSK598809. GSK598809 is a potent and selective dopamine D3 Receptor (DRD3) antagonist.
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Pramipexole-d5 dihydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17355S1CAS No.: 1217601-58-5Pramipexole-d5 dihydrochloride is deuterium labeled Pramipexole dihydrochloride. Pramipexole dihydrochloride is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole dihydrochloride can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS).
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Esamisulpride
0 ImagesSynonyms: (S)-Amisulpride; (S)-Aramisulpride; (S)-DAN 2163Esamisulpride ((S)-Amisulpride) is the S-isomer of Amisulpride (HY-14545). Esamisulpride is a potent dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist with Ki values of 4.43 nM for D2R and 0.72 nM for D3R. Esamisulpride is a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 900 nM. Esamisulpride can be used in the research of schizophrenia and depression.
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SKF 83959 hydrobromide
0 ImagesSKF83959 hydrobromide is a potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist. SKF83959 hydrobromide Ki values for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM, respectively. SKF83959 hydrobromide is a potent allosteric modulator of sigma (σ)-1 receptor. SKF83959 hydrobromide belongs to benzazepine family and has improvements on cognitive dysfunction. SKF83959 hydrobromide can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease and depression.
